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The Mangrove Ecotourism Center Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK), Kapuk Muara, Penjaringan, North Jakarta is an urban mangrove forest that serves as a defense against abrasion and erosion (land erosion) in Jakarta's coastline. There is a 99-hectare mangrove forest area, 40% of the land used for preserving several mangrove tree-species.

Furthermore, The Mangrove Ecotourism Center (Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove) PIK area is also utilized as a natural tourist attraction, a green open space, and a habitat for various wildlife in the metropolitan city.

LindungiHutan, through its nature campaign, has been planting mangrove trees (Rhizophora sp.), whose roots can deposit mud, thus preventing the intrusion of seawater into the mainland.

The roots of mangrove trees are also able to accelerate the decomposition of organic and chemical waste that can pollute the ocean. Our planting activity is a defensive measure against the risks of floods in Jakarta.

Moreover, the relatively seawater-resistant mangrove plants play a significant role in research, conservation of flora and fauna, and serve as an inexpensive and enjoyable educational tourist attraction.

As of May 2022, LindungiHutan has planted 7,514 trees in a 7.5-hectare area and absorbed 0.9 tons of CO2 equivalent.

Pantai Baros (Baros Beach) is located in Tirtohargo, Kretek, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region and is frequently visited by tourists to enjoy its fresh air to recreate at. The Baros coast is a transition zone between land and sea ecosystems that are complex and consist of several ecosystems.

Therefore, mangrove planting on Baros Beach began in 2003. However, the increasing population in the area hamlet cannot be balanced with the ongoing abrasion.

As a result, residential and agricultural areas are at risk of being eroded by waves, potentially disrupting daily activities.

LindungiHutan, through its nature campaign, is replanting mangrove forests in the surrounding area to help restore the ecosystem on Baros Beach. As of May 2022, LindungiHutan has planted 1,588 trees in a 0.15-hectare area and absorbed 0.2 tons of CO2 equivalent.

Jabungan is a village located in Banyumanik, Semarang City, Central Java.

Although located on the outskirts of Semarang City, Jabungan still has protected forest and bush areas that have not been covered by concrete buildings.

However, floods and landslides are problems faced by the community in Jabungan. This is due to the increasing practice of tree cutting by the community to utilize the wood and building material.

Therefore, LindungiHutan is helping the community to plant avocado trees since the beginning of 2022.

Planting avocado trees is beneficial in holding the soil to prevent it from easily slipping and moving. Moreover, the local community is able to use the avocado fruit for daily consumption to increase their nutrition and maintain their health.

Pulau Pari (Pari Island) is a tourist destination located in the Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. 80% of its population earn their living as fishermen and switch professions to be tour guides on weekends and occasions.

However, the worsening abrasion effects and tidal floods are damaging the island ecosystem and threaten the settlements of the residents of Pulau Pari.

Moreover, the potential for coastal reclamation and the construction of resorts and guesthouses on the coast of Pulau Pari can disrupt the sustainability of the blue carbon ecosystem and threaten the local community.

Therefore, LindungiHutan, through its natural campaign, has been planting mangroves as an effort to resist abrasion and tidal floods.

Mangrove roots function to settle mud so as to prevent the intrusion of seawater onto the mainland. Hence, it could also help to reduce carbon emission from the atmosphere.

Until May 2022, LindungiHutan has planted 2,431 mangrove trees in a 0.2 ha area and absorbed 0.2 tons of CO2 eq.

Untia is a northern region of Makassar City, South Sulawesi that is vulnerable to environmental damage due to the intense investment in the area. According to a study by the Head of the Department of Fisheries and Agriculture of Makassar City using satellite imagery, it is estimated that there will be a sea level rise of > 30 cm in the Makassar coast in 2025, > 60 cm in 2050, and > 90 cm in 2075. By 2100, sea level rise is estimated to reach 122 cm.

Not only sea level rise, deforestation on the mainland and terrestrial forest is also a problem as it affects the decreasing water storage capacity in the soil.

Planting mangroves around the coastal villages of Untia, Biringkanaya, Makassar City, South Sulawesi is one of the mitigation efforts to reduce disaster risks in the area.

Until May 2022, LindungiHutan had planted 2,005 trees in an area of 0.2 ha and absorbed 0.2 tons of CO2 equivalent.

Bukit Puntong Sumiak (Puntong Sumiak hill) is located in Sidas village, Sengah Temila subdistrict, Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. The hill is part of a community-managed forest and still remains part of the traditional Dayak Kanayatn forest.

This area is also home to several endemic animals such as the Bornean orangutan and other species.

However, environmental problems continue to occur and threaten diversity in the area and local community, especially deforestation due to mining activities. In addition, forest fires also frequently threaten the area.

To support forest restoration and utilization programs, the community continues to carry out tree planting activities.

LindungiHutan supports those activities by conducting nature campaigns and planting Trembesi (Samanea saman) trees since early 2022.

The benefits obtained for the local community are forest reforestation, improving air quality, absorbing groundwater reserves, and providing protection from the sun burn and rain due to its wide canopy.

The planting location in Teluk Benoa (Benoa Bay) is an area affected by the 2019 Teluk Benoa reclamation project. Approximately 40 hectares of mangrove forest died due to the reclamation.

The land conversion and destruction of the mangrove ecosystem in the area also greatly harms fishermen and local communities.

LindungiHutan, through its planting campaign, had been planting mangrove trees to restore the ecosystem and restore the blue carbon ecological function, which is beneficial for storing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing climate change impacts.

As of May 2022, we have planted 242 trees in a 0.02-hectare area and absorbed 28 kg of CO2 eq.

Pantai Bahagia is a sub-district located in Muara Gembong, Bekasi Regency, West Java, which has the potential for marine tourism and can be developed into a mangrove conservation area.

However, the coastal area of Pantai Bahagia is prone to tidal floods and experiences 10-20 meters of erosion per year. The coastline is getting closer and threatening residential settlements.

LindungiHutan, through its nature campaign, had been planting mangrove trees whose roots can trap sediment and prevent seawater intrusion into the land.

Mangroves can also improve the economy as the local community can utilize their fruit to make food such as dodol, coffee, and mangrove syrup.

As of May 2022, LindungiHutan has planted 38,725 trees in a 3.8-hectare area and absorbed 4.5 tons of CO2 eq.

Bakau Hitam is a well-known and commonly found type of mangrove plant in the blue carbon ecosystem.

The Rhizophora genus, which include species such as Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora stylosa, are commonly found in coastal areas, river mouths, and swamps. Because of their ability to adapt to high levels of salt, communities use them to plant in fishpond areas to provide shelter for fish and shrimp.

The ecological benefits of Bakau Hitam (Rhizophora mucronata) include:

1. Absorbing greenhouse gasses and storing them as blue carbon reserves,
2. Maintaining the mangrove ecosystem as a natural habitat for various endemic animals such as eagles, long-tailed monkeys, orangutans, and proboscis monkeys,
3. Reducing the impact of coastal storms and winds that hit land and residential areas,
4. Rhizophora mucronata is able to act as a catalyst to balance the salt and other mineral levels in the soil and surrounding waters,
5. The strong roots of mangrove trees can reduce soil erosion and abrasion that occur in coastal areas and beaches.

The social and economic benefits of Bakau Hitam include:

1. Sustainable mangrove forests provide an ideal habitat for various types of fish, crabs, and shrimp that are consumed or caught by locals for sale,
2. Mangrove wood is often used for firewood, furniture and fixture materials, and house construction,
3. The fruit and leaves of some types of mangrove trees can be processed into food and beverages such as chips, tea, and syrup,
4. The strong stems of mangrove plants can also be used as materials for handicrafts and traditional toys,
5. Various parts of this plant are used in traditional medicine by local communities to treat mild external illnesses.

Australian Pine (Cemara Laut) is one of the species of casuarina trees (Casuarina sp.) that can be found in various regions in Indonesia. Its physiological characteristics are similar to other types of casuarina trees, with a straight trunk and pointed leaves.

The casuarina tree (Casuarina equisetifolia) can be found in coastal, beach, and sea-side areas. This tree can grow up to 20 meters tall and live for 10-15 years.

Ecological benefits of Australian Pine (Cemara Laut):

1. Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia) is a plant used for greening and rehabilitating coastal areas and beaches,
2. Its physiological resilience to wind and wave exposure can maintain the growth of other plants,
3. Under the canopy and tree body, the hawksbill turtle can lay its eggs and hide them,
4. Planting Australian Pine can also improve microclimate due to reforestation efforts along the coast,
5. When planted in large numbers, Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia) can resist storms, break high waves, and reduce soil and sand erosion on the beach.

Social and economic benefits of Cemara Laut (Casuarina equisetifolia) include:

1. The shady casuarina tree is utilized by locals, vendors, and tourists as a place to shelter when visiting the beach,
2. The tree's leaves can be used as feed for local livestock,
3. The essential oil from the casuarina tree is often used for external medicine and aromatherapy,
4. The trunk and branches of the tree are used for making furniture, handicrafts, toys, and building construction,
5. Mature Cemara Laut trees are an alternative decoration for certain religious or traditional celebrations.

Trembesi or Ki Hujan is a type of tree widely known by the Indonesian community due to its frequent occurrence. This tree has a straight trunk with a fairly wide crown.

Trembesi tree is a type of reforestation and afforestation tree species that is often planted in urban areas. In addition to its easy maintenance, Trembesi can also easily adapt to different environments.

The ecological benefits of Trembesi (Samanea saman) include:

1. Providing shade for urban areas and suitable plants for green open space areas (RTH),
2. Reducing air and noise pollution that often occur in urban areas due to high mobility,
3. Its sturdy roots can maintain soil stability and inhibit potential soil erosion and landslides
4. Trembesi can effectively absorb carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions,
5. Its wide canopy provides shelter and habitat for various bird and other animal species.

The economic and social benefits of Trembesi trees include:

1. Trembesi seeds, called “godril” in Javanese, are often used as a snack or light refreshment by some community groups,
2. The mature wood of Trembesi trees can be used for making furniture and household utensils,
3. The leaves of this tree are often used as animal feed (for goats, sheep, cows, and buffalo) by ranchers,
4. In addition, Trembesi leaves are also believed by some people to help reduce skin itching symptoms,
5. The strong wood and trunk of Trembesi trees are often used for making traditional children's toys such as tops, clogs, and slingshots.

Sumatran Pine tree is one of the typical plants often found in mountainous and highland areas. This type of tree has a kinship with fir trees.

This pine tree species is able to grow up to 15-30 meters. Its stem soars high and straight. Pine trees are commonly used for land rehabilitation and reforestation of highland forests.

The ecological benefits of Merkus Pine include:

1. Maintaining soil stability and groundwater to reduce the impact of erosion and drought during the dry season,
2. Pine trees have a relatively long lifespan and a straight stem shape, making them suitable for reforestation,
3. The strong pine stem can break mountain winds and storms that can damage other plant communities,
4. Pine fruit seeds become food for various rodent species living in terrestrial forests such as squirrels,
5. A lush pine forest can lower local temperatures and maintain weather stability and air humidity around it.

The economic and social benefits of Pinus merkusii include:

1. Picturesque pine forests become tourist destinations and green spaces for people to unwind,
2. The fine-textured wood of the pine tree is easy to use as raw material for furniture and household tools,
3. The pine forest area managed for industrial or natural tourist purposes has the potential to increase the number of jobs and reduce unemployment,
4. In papermaking, pine wood can be used as quality raw material because of its low density and wood density,
5. The pine resin collected by local communities can be sold for the production of solvent-based paints, disinfectants, and aromatherapy.

Api-api Putih (Avicennia marina) is one of the popular mangrove species in Indonesia. Unlike the mangrove trees with prop roots, this mangrove tree species has pencil-shaped breathing roots that protrude above the soil.

Api-api Putih can thrive in areas with high salt content, low light, and temperature. Its morphology is similar to that of a typical land tree, with a hard stem that can reach up to 15 meters in height.

The ecological benefits of Api-api Putih (Avicennia marina) include:

1. Helping to stabilize salt and pollutant levels in the water and soil in mangrove forests,
2. Serving as habitat and shelter for various bird species, fish, crabs, and shrimp,
3. The pencil-shaped roots of Api-api Putih can obstruct debris flowing from upstream rivers into the sea.
4. Breaking waves and ocean winds that pound the land and human settlements.
5. Used as a plant for rehabilitating and reforesting coastal forests and preventing erosion and flooding due to rising sea levels.

The social and economic benefits of Api-api Putih for coastal communities include:

1. Serving as shelter and habitat for various fish, crabs, and shrimp that are consumed as a nutritious food source by the local population,
2. The leaves of this tree can be given to livestock (goats and cows) as fodder by the local community,
3. In addition, its leaves are commonly used in traditional external medicine by coastal residents.
4. When processed further, the distilled results of Avicennia marina leaves can be used as a natural food preservative.
5. Its strong stem wood can be used for constructing wooden bridges, simple houses, firewood, and kitchen tools.

Tabebuia/Caribbean trumpet tree is a group of plants with leaves that come in various colors. Tabebuia sp. originally comes from Latin America and has spread to the Asia-Pacific region.

The Tabebuia trees are often planted to enhance the beauty of urban spaces. In addition to the various colorful leaves, Tabebuia is also capable of reducing air, light, and sound pollution, which is often prevalent in urban and industrial areas.

The ecological benefits of Tabebuia trees include:

1. Windbreaks and wind disruptors that can cause damage to settlements,
2. Tabebuia has wide canopy that can be planted in front of homes, shops, buildings, or along roadsides,
3. The strong roots of Tabebuia sp. can strengthen soil structures and reduce the potential for soil erosion,
4. The trunks and branches of this tree are often used by birds to make nests and shelter,
5. Reducing air pollution levels and noise pollution caused by high mobility in urban areas.

The social and cultural benefits of Tabebuia sp. are:

1. Enhancing the beauty and aesthetic value of urban spaces or green open spaces,
2. The flowers of the Tabebuia tree are often used to make organic fertilizer for other plants to grow,
3. Its tree trunks can also be used for making furniture and certain household items,
4. Certain parts of the Tabebuia tree are sometimes used for making traditional medicines, although their efficacy and benefits require further research,
5. Tabebuia trees tend to be resistant to weather and climate, making them relatively easy to maintain.

Avocado tree is a Multi-Purpose Tree Species (MPTS) that has various ecological, economic, and socio-cultural benefits. This plant originally comes from the South American region and has spread throughout the world.

Avocado grows optimally in highland and mountainous areas. However, the tree is able to adapt to lowland areas. The main commodity utilized is its fruit which contains various multivitamins and fiber.

The ecological benefits of the avocado tree (Persea americana) are as follows:

1. It stores groundwater reserves and collects rainwater to prevent flooding in lowland areas,
2. Its strong roots can inhibit soil erosion or erosion that causes landslides,
3. Avocado trees can absorb carbon dioxide and greenhouse gasses and store carbon reserves in the soil,
4. The avocado fruit is one of the food sources for primates and certain birds to survive,
5. Its strong trunk can break the valley wind or mountain wind towards settlements.

The social and cultural benefits of the avocado tree include:

1. It is an excellent agroforestry crop suitable for cultivation due to high demand for its fruit.
2. The wood of avocado trees can be used for firewood by communities around the forest.
3. The avocado fruit, which is rich in vitamins and fiber, can be used as a food ingredient to prevent malnutrition or undernutrition in village children.
4. Old trunks can be used as materials for making furniture and simple household items.
5. The health benefits of avocado fruit have been researched and medically proven for various purposes of treatment and disease prevention.

Jambu Air (watery rose-apple) is a type of MPTS (multi-purpose tree species) that is well-known by Indonesians. This plant originates from tropical regions and is famous for its sweet fruit. Moreover, it has a high adaptability to dry soil conditions.

The plant has various popular variants. Its high water content can be utilized to reduce dehydration. Additionally, this tree can grow optimally in lowland areas with sufficient sunlight.

The ecological benefits of Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) include:

1. Its dense foliage and wide canopy make it suitable as a shade plant in yards or along roadsides,
2. The sturdy trunk of the tree can withstand winds and storms that hit residential areas,
3. Its strong roots can reduce the potential for soil erosion, landslides, and other disasters in sloping areas,
4. It can help maintain climate stability and humidity, and reduce the potential for air and noise pollution that often occur in industrial areas,
5. It can optimally absorb carbon dioxide and store carbon reserves in the soil.

The social and cultural benefits of Jambu Air are as follows:

1. Old wood and branches can be used as firewood for cooking in rural areas,
2. The leaves of this tree are often used as animal feed (cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep) by rural communities and ranches,
3. Jambu Air fruit can be processed into various healthy and refreshing foods,
4. The nutritional content and vitamins in the fruit can reduce the potential for disease and treat various health problems,
5. Its flowers and new leaves can be used to make traditional beauty masks.